Adult Illiteracy Rates (15 Years Over) in the Middle East

Some 774 million adults worldwide (age 15 and over) cant read, according to the Global Campaign for Education. Heres how the Middle East countries illiteracy rates rank. Middle East Illiteracy Rates Rank Country Illiteracy rate (%) 1 Afghanistan 72 2 Pakistan 50 3 Mauritania 49 4 Morocco 48 5 Yemen 46 6 Sudan 39 7 Djibouti 32 8 Algeria 30 9 Iraq 26 10 Tunisia 25.7 11 Egypt 28 12 Comoros 25 13 Syria 19 14 Oman 18 15 Iran 17.6 16 Saudi Arabia 17.1 17 Libya 16 18 Bahrain 13 19 Turkey 12.6 20 Lebanon 12 21 U.A.E. 11.3 22 Qatar 11 23 Jordan 9 24 Palestine 8 25 Kuwait 7 26 Cyprus 3.2 27 Israel 3 28 Azerbaijan 1.2 29 Armenia 1 Sources: United Nations, 2009 World Almanac, The Economist

Fire Extinguisher Inspection and Accessibility Free Essays

Fire Extinguisher Inspection and Accessibility BY crashers Fire Extinguisher Inspection and Accessibility: Class Project University of AXES Professor XX Fire Protection Proposal A critical aspect for a successful business is the ability to motivate employees to increase and maintain their productivity. One key element in accomplishing this is to provide a safe working environment by addressing and mitigating risks or hazards facing employees. Although, it is impossible to create a completely risk free work environment, there are certain risks that can be addressed effectively, particularly he risk of a fire in the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Extinguisher Inspection and Accessibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now The risk of workplace fire is a concern for any business and can be mitigated in many ways. This proposal will focus on a very effective and simple form of fire protection, fire extinguishers. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) governs the use, location, maintenance and training of portable fire extinguishers. This is accomplished through OSHA Standard 1910. 157, â€Å"Portable Fire Extinguishers†. A recent walk through of this building revealed a clear violation(s) of OSHA standards regarding fire extinguishers. This reports will bring to the attention of Executive Management the importance of fire protection, attempt to identify the exact safety concern, determine what OSHA standard governs this concern and develop a feasible solution to correct the issue. The solution will take into account both the physical and economical feasibility of correcting the issue, while maintaining focus on employee safety. Fire Protection: It is not an uncommon event to have a fire occur in the workplace. Fires can result in serious bodily injury, including burns and smoke inhalation. It can also lead to aerospace fatalities. According to OSHA, between 70,000 and 80,000 fires occur each year within the workplace in the United States (2013). Despite this number of workplace fires, fire and explosion only make up on average about three percent of the total workplace fatalities (BILLS, 2007). However, it can also cause enormous property damage and, depending on the type of business, can lead to serious environmental issues. It is also estimated that businesses suffered roughly 2 billion dollars worth of property damage each year from fires in the workplace (OSHA, 2013). Fire protection, to include fire extinguishers, can be utilized to mitigate these risks, resulting in the reduction of on the Job injuries, fatalities, the loss of property, environmentally concerns and the negative impact fire can have on a business’s bottom line. There are many measures to combat fires in the workplace. One of the simplest and most effective measures in fire protection is the fire extinguisher. It can provide the means to extinguish small fires before they become larger and more destructive. It can also be used to protect and clear egress routes that may become locked by fire during an evacuation, providing a safe means of escape for all employees. Fire extinguishers, in the hands off trained employee, can offer an important weapon in combating fires in the workplace, creating a safer environment for all employees. However, in order for a fire extinguisher to be useful, it must be readily available, in proper working order and must be matched to the proper fuel classification for the workplace environment, which is mandated and enforced by OSHA. Violation: A walk through inspection was conducted of the building to include all five floors. On the third floor it was discovered that of the four fire extinguishers located on that floor, two out of four fire extinguishers were out of date by two months (see appendix A). Of the remaining two functional fire extinguishers, one of those was located in a locked storage room, on a shelf, behind a green plastic container (see appendix B). This is a clear violation of OSHA standard subpart Fire protection 1910. 157, Portable Fire Extinguishers, specifically the following sections: (c)(l). The employer shall provide portable fire extinguishers and shall mount, locate and identify them so that hey are readily accessible to employees without subjecting the employees to possible injury. (e)(l). The employer shall be responsible for the inspection, maintenance and testing of all portable fire extinguishers in the workplace. (e)(3). The employer shall assure that portable fire extinguishers are subjected to an annual maintenance check. Stored pressure extinguishers do not require an internal examination. The employer shall record the annual maintenance date and retain this record for one year after the last entry or the life of the shell, whichever is less. The record shall be available to the Assistant Secretary upon request (2014). As one can see, the company is in violation of the OSHA standards governing fire extinguishers, particularly the placement, maintenance and inspection. It should be noted that three out of the four fire extinguishers on the third floor were clearly marked and readily accessible to employees. They were strategically located and were appropriately matched to the fuel classification for each floor. The fire extinguishers on the remaining four floors were all in compliance with OSHA standards. It should be noted the fire extinguishers on the each floor were inspected annually at different times or months, which could be a contributing factor. This factor, along with another observation, should be analyzed in order to develop a feasible solution. Analysis: In order to resolve this safety hazard and find a feasible, yet effective solution, a couple of factors need to be considered. A direct and obvious factor relates to determining if the third floor poses a reduced perspicuity for fires. After careful review, there does not appear to be any evidence to support that fires occurring on he third floor are less or more likely to occur than on any other area of the building. There are no unusual activities occurring on the third that would warrant such a conclusion. After a review of the company’s Hazard Communication Program, to include an inventory of chemicals for each floor and the Material Safety Data Sheets or Safety Data Sheets, the third floor does not house any different chemicals than the other four floors of the building. The number of employees occupying the third floor in a given workday is comparable to the remaining floors of the building. Therefore, he third floor warrants the same fire protection as the rest of the building, to include accessibility and maintenance of fire extinguishers. The inspection schedule for the building, as it relates to fire extinguishers, appears to be on different rotations. This leads to another interesting factor as to why the inspection dates for fire extinguishers on each floor of the building are during different months? After careful review of the company’s Fire Protection, Occupational Safety, Health and Environmental Audits from 2002 to 2013, there appears to be no documented or social reasoning for having the fire extinguishers inspected on different dates. It does not reduce cost, time or effort on the part of the company. Research and inquiries could not determine an actual benefit to this practice. Therefore, it should be concluded that this practice should be revisited in order to find an effective solution. Solution: After careful research and analysis, it was determined the third floor of the building does not warrant any special attention or need elaborate measures to maintain the fire extinguishers. Therefore, the solutions to correct these violations re simple, straightforward and cost effective. They are as follows: a) Mount fourth fire extinguisher outside the storage room with proper markings, which will provide easy access to all employees. B) Ensure the annual inspection of all fire extinguishers in the building is conducted on the same date. C) Create a maintenance log and record the monthly maintenance checks with either the log beginning or ending with the annual inspection. D) Incorporate maintenance and inspection checks into the annual fire protection training. E) Challenge employees to check the inspection date n the fire extinguishers by offering an incentive to whomever brings to the attention of management an issue. An example would be a privileged parking spot for a week or a free lunch for a day. All of the above are easy, cost effective suggestions to correct and prevent these issues from occurring in the future. Any one or a combination of these suggestions can be utilized to create a safer working environment for, not Just the third floor, but also the entire building. Conclusion: This proposal was designed to bring to the attention of executive management a rise of OSHA violation(s) concerning fire protection, particularly fire extinguishers, for the third floor. Even though the company has made a good faith effort to ensure the building is properly outfitted with several devices to alert and prevent workplace fires, it should not neglect the very basic concept of the fire extinguisher. It can be a vital, cost effective tool to prevent injury, loss of life, property damage, environmental issues and the interference or shut down of business due too workplace fire. It can prevent a small fire from becoming much larger and be used to aid in an evacuation f employees due to a workplace fire. The simple steps purposed will correct and ensure these violations do not occur in the future, ensuring a safer work environment for all. How to cite Fire Extinguisher Inspection and Accessibility, Papers

Kozol Amazing Grace free essay sample

Kozol Reaction/Analysis Paper After reading Jonathan Kozol’s Amazing Grace, two main topics stood out to me. The first topic that stood out to me was power and the affects of power. The second topic that stood out to me was the major socio-economic class differences that exist between the rich and the poor. Using the course reading from Miller and the two course readings from Mantsios, I will further analyze and examine these two topics from Kozol’s Amazing Grace. To begin, let’s see how Kozol’s Amazing Grace relates to Jean Baker Miller’s â€Å"Domination and Subordination†. Miller focuses on dominance and subordinates and how the dominants are the superior ones with all of the open power and authority and the ones who determine the ways in which power may be acceptably used (Miller, 112). She refers to subordinates as inferior and powerless and the group that has to concentrate on basic survival (Miller, 113). The dominant ones in Amazing Grace are the political leaders of New York City because they are the ones with all the wealth. For example, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani plans to cut back sanitation and inspection services and programs for children and teenagers as well as a variety of other services relied on by poor people such as drug-rehabilitation programs, programs that help hungry families in obtaining food, and the cancellation of AIDS services to 600 children and 16,000 adults (Kozol, 100). When one has all the power in their hands, they can control economic and social situations and put it in their favor just like the political leaders of New York City did. They used the cuts to create a $150 million dollar school in the rich area and to build a prison. The poor, being so powerless that they are, have no other choice but to accept it. They are expected to â€Å"look at what is there and take advantage of it† (Kozol, 101), when in reality nothing is there for the poor to take advantage of. The way power is used by the rich is 2 one of the main contributing factors as to why places like Mott Haven are so bad. If the rich raised their own taxes by a little bit, they could solve many of the problems that exist in these poorer cities. This goes to show that the rich don’t care about the poor. The rich are just trying to maintain their reputation and power by staying on top. This is a classic example of dominance and subordination that Miller describes. Furthermore, Gregory Mantsios’ article about media also shows a lot about power and what gets put out in the social media and what doesn’t. Mantsios states those who control the mass media are of the upper class and that is why there is hardly any media coverage of the poor and lower class (Mantsios, 617). The upper class blames the poor for being in the situations they are in and for the problems they are enduring (Mantsios, 613). He goes on to say that what gets put out with mass media about the poor is often distorted and misleading and that the news media ignores the poor (Mantsios, 610-611). This is shown perfectly in Amazing Grace. The radio portrays the poor as being from a â€Å"different species† (Kozol, 41-42). The media is quick to judge based on one crime. When one crime is committed, suddenly all blacks and Hispanics are considered as bad and dangerous people, that â€Å"no amount of food stamps†¦no amount of punishment†¦will help the situation† (Kozol, 41-42). Only the bad things about the poor get put out in the media. However, stories of a little boy dying in front of a building or from a broken elevator aren’t important enough to make it in the media. On top of that, the victims get blamed because of lack of security and maintenance inspectors. Mrs. Washington states, â€Å"I rarely hear the people on these TV panel talk about ordinary things as never getting a night of good deep sleep because you’re scared of bullets coming through the window from the street† (Kozol, 180). The media misrepresents the South Bronx when they headline â€Å"A South Bronx Renaissance† (Kozol, 190). They give false hope saying that new plans are being into place when the truth is these plans are hardly ever completed and if they are completed, it isn’t done well. The main 3 problem lies with upper class controlling the media and how they depict in the media that things are good. Instead of talking about the real problems, they selfishly focus on problems of their own. They are afraid that they will lose their power if they include stories of the lower class in the media. A huge reason as to why the poor struggle and are so powerless is ecause hardly anyone knows to what extent the poor are suffering on a daily basis in places like Mott Haven and the South Bronx. In â€Å"Class in America† by Gregory Mantsios, Mantsios focuses on class differences and how these differences have a profound impact on the way people live (Mantsios, 184). He focuses on the positive correlation between education and socio-economic status as well as class standing and life expectancy. He goes on to say that our economic system is the reason the rich are rich and the poor are poor (Mantsios, 188). These points all directly relate to Kozol’s Amazing Grace. The poor lack all opportunities to be successful. They lack proper education and health care to live a long, successful life. The poor don’t get a proper education. Most teachers aren’t even certified to teach. Being uneducated, the people of Mott Haven and the South Bronx turn to drugs as a sense of relief. Their living conditions lead to many health problems including AIDS and asthma. They can’t even seek proper medical attention because all the hospitals are overflowing and too expensive. The poor didn’t choose to live in these conditions. They were born into it and America’s economic system being the way it is will not help the poor. They are stuck and left to hope and rely on God that things will get better. Not having the proper education and health care strips away any opportunity or hope for the poor. Thus, they will be at the bottom of the social hierarchy. The rich, on the other hand, having proper education and all will be at the top of the social hierarchy, thus being more successful than the poor and having a longer life span as well. Lack of education and being of the lower class means you will not make it in America and this is demonstrated throughout the novel and supports Mantsios’ points. Works Cited Kozol, Jonathan. Amazing Grace: The Lives of Children and the Conscience of a Nation. New York: Crown, 1995. Print. Mantsios, Gregory. Class in America 2009. Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. New York: St. Martins, 1992. N. pag. Print. Mantsios, Gregory. Media Magic Making Class Invisible. Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. New York: St. Martins, 1992. N. pag. Print. Miller, Jean Baker. Domination and Subordination. Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. New York: St. Martins, 1992. N. pag. Print.

Assimilation and Accommodation Essay Essay Example

Assimilation and Accommodation Essay Essay Example Assimilation and Accommodation Essay Essay Assimilation and Accommodation Essay Essay Assimilation and Adjustment Jean Piaget viewed rational growing as a procedure of version ( accommodation ) to the universe. This happens through: * Assimilation. which is utilizing an bing scheme to cover with a new object or state of affairs. * Accommodation – this happens when the bing scheme ( cognition ) does non work. and needs to be changed to cover with a new object or state of affairs. * Equilibration – occurs when a child’s scheme can cover with most new information through assimilation. However. a province of disequilibrium occurs when new information can non be fitted into bing scheme ( assimilation ) . Equilibration is the force which drives the larning procedure as we do non wish to be frustrated and will seek to reconstruct balance by get the hanging the new challenge. ( adjustment ) . Once the new information is acquired the procedure of assimilation with the new scheme will go on until the following clip we need to do an accommodation to it. Example A 2 twelvemonth old kid sees a adult male who is bald on top of his caput and has long crisp hair on the sides. The kid will absorb the adult male as a buffoon. This is assimilation. And when the male parent explain to his boy that the adult male was non a buffoon and that even though his hair was like a clown’s. he wasn’t have oning amusing costume and wasn’t making thing to do people laugh. This is adjustment. And with this new cognition. the male child is able to alter his scheme of â€Å"clown† and do this thought fit better to a standard construct of â€Å"clown. † Harmonizing to Piaget. instruction can back up these development procedures by phases of Development. A child’s cognitive development is about a child development or building a mental theoretical account of the universe. Jean Piaget was interested both in how kids learnt and in how they thought. Piaget studied kids from babyhood to adolescence. and carried out many of his ain probes utilizing his three kids. He used the undermentioned research methods: Naturalistic observation: Piaget made elaborate observations of kids. and from these he wrote diary descriptions charting their development. He besides made Clinical interviews and observations of older kids who were able to understand inquiries and hold conversations. Piaget believed that kids think otherwise than grownups and stated they go through 4 cosmopolitan phases of cognitive development. * Sensorio-motora: desde EL nacimiento hasta los 2 anos aproximadamente. En esta etapa Se caracteriza Al nino como extremadamente egocentrico. donde no comprende el mundo de otra forma que no sea su propio punto de vista. El desarrollo chief nut esta etapa Es el entendimiento de que los objetos existen independientemente de su relacion con EL objeto ( permanencia del objeto ) . es decir que EL nino es capaz de mantener una imagen mental de una character u objeto a pesar de no estar presente O seeable. En esta etapa los bebes aprenden principalmente a traves del ensayo Y mistake. El objetivo de Piaget epoch investigar a que edad los ninos adquirian esta â€Å"permanencia del objeto† . El metodo que uso fue esconder un juguete debajo de una sabana Y ver Si EL nino buscaba EL objeto escondido. Esta busqueda del objeto epoch una prueba de la permanencia del objeto. Piaget supuso que EL nino solo podia buscar EL objeto escondido si tiene una representacion mental de el. * Etapa Pre-operacional: desde los 2 a 7 anos aproximadamente. En esta etapa los ninos desarrollan gradualmente el uso del lenguaje Y La capacidad parity pensar en forma simbolica. Sus pensamientos nut esta etapa suelen ser egocentricos. Egocentrismo hace referencia La incapacidad del nino de ver una situacion desde otro punto de vista que no sea el de el mismo. Segun Piaget. un nino egocentrico supone que Las personas ven. escuchan o sienten lo mismo que el. Piaget quiso descubrir a que edad los ninos dejan de tener esta actitud. * Operaciones Concretas: desde los 7 a 11 anos aproximadamente. En esta etapa EL nino Es lo suficientemente maduro parity pensar logicamente en operaciones unidireccionales. Pero pueden aplicar La logica solo con objetos fisicos. Los ninos Se vuelven menos egocentricos Y entienden las leyes de conservacion. esto significa que comprenden que aunque la apariencia de un objeto cambie. no significa que cambie el objeto en si . * Operaciones Formales: desde los 11 anos hasta La adultez. Cuando los adolescentes entran en esta etapa adquieren la capacidad de pensar de manera abstracta. de combinar clasificar los elementos de una manera mas sofisticada. y la capacidad de razonamiento de orden higher-up. Ademas desarrollan una identidad Y Se muestran mas interesados en temas sociales.

Hobbes vs Plato on Justice essays

Hobbes vs Plato on Justice essays Plato on Hobbes view of justice According to Hobbes, justice must be defined as nothing more than abiding by the law. However, from Platos point of view, this notion of justice is not adequate. Regards to human nature, Hobbes is very pessimistic, while Plato is less so. Based on different views on how the society should be formed, Plato gives different accounts of Justice than Hobbes. This difference will become clear once we learn Hobbes reasoning on his definition of Justice as well as Platos opinions on the issues related to that reasoning. To define justice, Hobbes traces down to the nature of human being. In Hobbes view, the nature of human being is selfish and vain. This nature makes people compete with each other, distrust each other and moreover lust for fame. Therefore, in the state of nature, a war of all against all is unavoidable and the life of man is nothing but tragic. To achieve peace, people make a contract all together to lay down their rights over others. This contract could last only when all members of the contract abide by it. It requires a commonwealth to enforce the performance of the covenant. Justice from a functional point of view then comes into being: it is just abiding by the law. If someone breaks the contract, he will be accused as injustice. First, Hobbes asserts that man is just matter in motion. This material man has no interest other than the preservation and promotion of his own existence. The good is what is in his private interest. Typically, Hobbes verifies three principle desires and passions of man: to gain properties, to secure himself and to glean reputation. It is interesting that Hobbes proposes equality of man as regard to the body and mind. His argument for this equality as regard to the body lies in the fact that the weakest has enough power to kill the strongest. As for mind, it is only because of the distance of other mens wits that makes p...

PUBLIC FINANCIAL MGMT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PUBLIC FINANCIAL MGMT - Essay Example However, budgeting numbers are discussed frequently in the scramble for government funding (as in private funding), but the ultimate emphasis relies more on obtaining the funding rather than understanding how effectively the dollars are spent. In terms of Congress, the process of cutting costs involves: ‘producing timely and auditable financial statements, asset management, improving reporting and resource allocation, and strategic planning. In terms of financial control in the private sector, these are the primary concerns, but in the public world they typically garner less attention. (Knubel, John) In Private financial management, the key mission to be fulfilled is the increase in book value and stock prices. Excellence in financial management is regarded as a primary concern. Even in the cases of nonprofits, where stock values are not of concern, financial performance is still represented as the scorecard for success in competition. Market share, accounting, and output-orien ted statistics are carefully monitored and scrutinized. Executives will often use financial data acquired to evaluate the effectiveness of the current management team. It is management’s role to create positive momentum in stockholder wealth while minimizing costs and providing excellent customer service. (Knubel, John) It is clear to see that both the public and private sectors place a lot of emphasis on raising budget capital, yet they differ in their lack of accounting control and execution after the funding is committed. The fiscal capacity of governments is based on a multitude of factors including industrial capacity, personal incomes, population, and natural resource wealth. When governments establish their fiscal policy, understanding the fiscal capacity is a pertinent step. Identifying the fiscal capacity gives governments a better perspective of what programs and services they should offer the public. This process also helps to determine the necessary tax rates to p rovide towards certain levels and projects. The theory of fiscal capacity flows down even to the smallest levels of governments and groups, such as school districts, to determine what type of resources they will be able to provide. For about 15 years, Belgium was able to achieve a great degree of fiscal consolidation with a sizeable reduction of the debt-to GDP ratio. This fiscal consolidation was able to take place amongst the transition from a unitary state to a federal state. By utilizing annual agreements between all levels of government, the federal government substantially reduced its deficit while sub-federal governments simultaneously roughly balanced their budgets. However, in the case of Belgium the sharing of tax revenues was set up so that non-federal governments ended up with the fastest growing tax revenues. This led to all levels of government being faced with a minimal amount of budgetary pressure to rein in spending. Overall, the fiscal consolidation left the countr y with two main confronts. The first was to ensure a fair share of public spending burden between all levels of government, including upcoming ageing costs. The second was to increase the efficiency of spending at all levels by reducing economic disincentives, and by increasing co-operation and co-ordination in policy and public service provision. (OCED economic surveys: Belgium) One can see that after taxes are accumulated and appropriated, the real challenges of fiscal policy begin. It is no easy task to oversee and

Geo Ass 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Geo Ass 3 - Assignment Example The rapid growth of Seoul City has attracted many people into the city, transforming it into a megacity. The city is considered so because it has a population estimated at about 11.8 million residents. In fact, the city’s metropolitan has a population of about 25.6 million. Because of Seoul’s large population and small area, the city is extremely densely populated estimated at about 44,776 people per square mile. Since the space available in the city cannot accommodate the residents, people in the city live mainly in high-building apartments. Despite the beauty of the city, Seoul has witnesses a traffic mess due to the many number of cars in the city. As a result, the city municipality has been forced to construct large highways to ease the traffic flow in the city. However, it is becoming a key concern that the traffic flow might get messier if the population of the city continues to grow this fast. Additionally, life in Seoul is relatively hard because of the high prices of commodities, which has become a big concern for its